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991.
Matlab语言强大的运算、仿真能力,被广泛用在液压控制系统中。利用Matlab语言可以进行液压特性曲线的绘制,液压控制系统稳定性的检测,也可以进行液压控制系统的仿真。这里以两个实例,即单、双喷嘴挡板阀压力流量特性曲线的绘制,以及液压转矩放大器系统稳定性的检测,来说明它的强大的功能。 相似文献
992.
Maria G Corradini Mark D Normand Micha Peleg 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2006,86(5):785-792
Currently, the sterility of heat‐processed food and pharmaceuticals is assessed in terms of an F0 value, based on the equivalence of the heat treatment to an isothermal process at a reference temperature. This F0 value, however, has a meaning if, and only if, the inactivation kinetics of the targeted spores (or cells) follow a first‐order relationship and the temperature dependence of the D value, the reciprocal of the rate constant, is log‐linear. There is growing evidence that these conditions are not satisfied by many spores, including those of Clostridium botulinum and vegetative cells. Consequently, a replacement for the F0 value is proposed in the form of a momentary equivalent time at the reference temperature based on the actual survival pattern of the spores, which need not be log‐linear. This equivalent time can be calculated together with the theoretical survival ratio in real time, thus enabling an operator to monitor the lethality of ongoing industrial heat processes. The concept is demonstrated with published survival data of C. botulinum, for which the Weibullian and log‐logistic models served as primary and secondary models, respectively. The safety factor according to the proposed method is in the number of added minutes of processing, beyond the theoretical time needed to reduce the survival ratio of the targeted spores or cells to a level that would produce practical (or commercial) sterility. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
993.
Non-pinched, minimum energy solutions are important class of distillation designs that offer the potential advantage of a better trade-off between capital investment and operating costs. In this paper, two important tasks associated with non-pinched distillation designs are studied. Thus the novel contributions of this work to the literature are
- (1) A comprehensive methodology for finding non-pinched minimum energy designs.
- (2) Understanding of the reasons for the existence of non-pinched distillation designs.
994.
Christian de Peretti 《Computational Economics》2003,22(2-3):187-212
Many time series in diverse fields of application may exhibit long-memory.The class of fractionally integrated (FI) processes can be used to try to model this strong data dependence. Asymptotic tests for FI include the re-scaled range statistic test and its modified form, the frequency-domain regression-based procedure, the modified Higuchi's test and Jensen's test. De Peretti and Marimoutou (2002) finds that proper finite-sample inferences are not possible using these techniques without correcting for size distortions. Some attempt this correction through `bootstrapping', but this method is not perfect and needs more study and improvements. In this paper, I examine and compare the finite-sample properties of parametric andnonparametric bootstrap tests by using graphical techniques of Davidson and MacKinnon (1998a) for showing whether they properly correct the distortions while retaining their power relative to the corresponding asymptotic tests.One of the tests uses a double bootstrap that provide better true power and size properties. I use a bilateral P value that permits the true power of the tests to grow when the size distortions are asymmetric. We then apply these procedures to a realtime series to investigate its long memory properties. 相似文献
995.
996.
超声监测技术在膜分离过程中的应用研究 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
在膜分离过程中,膜通量总是随运行时间而下降.为了区分膜污染与浓差极化或者可能的膜形变对通量的影响,和选择适宜的清洗过程,对一种只敏感于膜表面状况的超声测量方法进行了广泛研究.通过平板膜(包括微滤膜、超滤膜和反渗透膜)以及卷式反渗透膜过程的应用实例,说明了这种实时、在线的超声时域反射法即Ultrasonic Time-Domain Reflectometry (UTDR)可以利用它的反射波的振幅和回声抵达超声传感器的时间来监测浓差极化、膜污染(例如CaSO4污染)与清洗过程,也可以用来测量膜的压紧度和污染层厚度.超声测量与传统膜性能测量结果有良好的关联,并具有区域性测量的特性.为了实用化目的,新近的研究进展也作了介绍. 相似文献
997.
A. G. ATKINS Z. CHEN B. COTTERELL 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2003,26(1):67-77
In this paper, energy dissipation rate D vs. Δa curves in ductile fracture are predicted using a ‘conversion’ between loads, load‐point displacements and crack lengths predicted by NLEFM and those found in real ELPL propagation. The NLEFM/ELPL link was recently discovered for the DCB testpiece, and we believe it applies to other cracked geometries. The predictions for D agree with experimental results. The model permits a crack tip toughness R(Δa) which rises from Jc and saturates out when (if) steady state propagation is reached after a transient stage in which all tunnelling, crack tip necking and shear lip formation is established. JR is always greater than the crack tip R(Δa) and continues to rise even after R(Δa) levels off. The analysis is capable of predicting the usual D vs. Δa curves in the literature which have high initial values and fall monotonically to a plateau at large Δa. It also predicts that D curves for CCT testpieces should be higher than those for SENB/CT, as found in practice. The possibility that D curves at some intermediate Δa may dip to a minimum below the levelled‐off value at large Δa is predicted and confirmed by experiment. Recently reported D curves that have smaller initial D than the D‐values after extensive propagation can also be predicted. The testpiece geometry and crack tip R(Δa) conditions required to produce these different‐shaped D vs. Δa curves are established and confirmed by comparison with experiment. The energy dissipation rate D vs. Δa is not a transferable property as it depends on geometry. The material characteristic R(Δa) may be the ‘transferable property’ for scaling problems in ELPL fracture. How it can be deduced from D vs. Δa curves (and by implication, JR vs. Δa curves) is established. 相似文献
998.
Techniques for improving the reliability and maintainability of both nonrepairable and repairable items can be suggested by failure data analysis. It is shown that a given set of failure numbers leads to very different improvement strategies when the numbers are the times-between-successive-failures of one or more repairable items, rather than the times-to-failure of nonrepairable items. Since this should have been obvious more than 50 years ago, at the onset of formal reliability engineering activities, several reasons are proffered for the widespread and protracted misinterpretation of even the most basic—and simple!—conceptual and practical differences between nonrepairable and repairable items. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Education-driven research in CAD 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We argue for a new research category, named education-driven research (EDR), which fills the gap between traditional field-specific research that is not concerned with educational objectives and research in education that focuses on fundamental teaching and learning principles and possibly on their customization to broad areas (such as mathematics or physics), but not to specific disciplines (such as CAD). The objective of EDR is to simplify the formulation of the underlying theoretical foundations and of specific tools and solutions in a specialized domain, so as to make them easy to understand and internalize. As such, EDR is a difficult and genuine research activity, which requires a deep understanding of the specific field and can rarely be carried out by generalists with primary expertise in broad education principles. We illustrate the concept of EDR with three examples in CAD: (1) the Split and Tweak subdivisions of a polygon and its use for generating curves, surfaces, and animations; (2) the construction of a topological partition of a plane induced by an arbitrary arrangement of edges; and (3) a romantic definition of the minimal and Hausdorff distances. These examples demonstrate the value of using analogies, of introducing evocative terminology, and of synthesizing the simplest fundamental building blocks. The intuitive understanding provided by EDR enables the students (and even the instructor) to better appreciate the limitations of a particular solution and to explore alternatives. In particular, in these examples, EDR has allowed the author to: (1) reduce the cost of evaluating a cubic B-spline curve; (2) develop a new subdivision curve that is better approximated by its control polygon than either a cubic B-spline or an interpolating 4-point subdivision curve; (3) discover how a circuit inclusion tree may be used for identifying the faces in an arrangement; and (4) rectify a common misconception about the computation of the Hausdorff error between triangle meshes. We invite the scientific community to encourage the development of EDR by publishing its results as genuine research contributions in peer-reviewed professional journals. 相似文献